What is address in WCF and how many types of transport schemas are there in WCF?

What is address in WCF and how many types of transport schemas are there in WCF?
Address is a way of letting client know that where a service is located. In WCF, every service is associated with a unique address. This contains the location of the service and transport schemas.

WCF supports following transport schemas: HTTP, TCP, Peer network IPC (Inter-Process Communication over named pipes), MSMQ
The sample address for above transport schema may look like
http://localhost:81
http://localhost:81/MyService
net.tcp://localhost:82/MyService
net.pipe://localhost/MyPipeService
net.msmq://localhost/private/MyMsMqService
net.msmq://localhost/MyMsMqService








What are contracts in WCF? In WCF, all services expose contracts. The contract is a platform-neutral and standard way of describing what the service does.

WCF defines four types of contracts.
1. Service contracts
Describe which operations the client can perform on the service.
There are two types of Service Contracts.
ServiceContract - This attribute is used to define the Interface.
OperationContract - This attribute is used to define the method inside Interface.
[ServiceContract]
interface IMyContract
{
[OperationContract]
string MyMethod( );
}
class MyService : IMyContract
{
public string MyMethod( )
{
return "Hello World";
}
}
2. DataContracts
Define which data types are passed to and from the service. WCF defines implicit contracts for built-in types such as int and string, but we can easily define explicit opt-in data contracts for custom types.
There are two types of Data Contracts.
DataContract - attribute used to define the class
DataMember - attribute used to define the properties.
[DataContract]
class Contact
{
[DataMember]
public string FirstName;
[DataMember]
public string LastName;
}
If DataMember attributes are not specified for a properties in the class that property can't be passed to-from web service.
3.Fault contracts : Define which errors are raised by the service, and how the service handles and propagates errors to its clients.
4.Message contracts : Allow the service to interact directly with messages. Message contracts can be typed or untyped, and are useful in interoperability cases and when there is an existing message format we have to comply with.

Where we can host WCF services?
Every WCF services must be hosted somewhere. There are three ways of hosting WCF services.
1. IIS
2. Self Hosting
3. WAS (Windows Activation Service)

What is binding and how many types of bindings are there in WCF?
A binding defines how an endpoint communicates to the world. A binding defines the transport (such as HTTP or TCP) and the encoding being used (such as text or binary). A binding can contain binding elements that specify details like the security mechanisms used to secure messages, or the message pattern used by an endpoint.

WCF supports nine types of bindings.
1.Basic binding : Offered by the BasicHttpBinding class, this is designed to expose a WCF service as a legacy ASMX web service, so that old clients can work with new services. When used by the client, this binding enables new WCF clients to work with old ASMX services.
2.TCP binding : Offered by the NetTcpBinding class, this uses TCP for cross-machine communication on the intranet. It supports a variety of features, including reliability, transactions, and security, and is optimized for WCF-to-WCF communication. As a result, it requires both the client and the service to use WCF.
3. Peer network binding: Offered by the NetPeerTcpBinding class, this uses peer networking as a transport. The peer network-enabled client and services all subscribe to the same grid and broadcast messages to it.
4.IPC binding: Offered by the NetNamedPipeBinding class, this uses named pipes as a transport for same-machine communication. It is the most secure binding since it cannot accept calls from outside the machine and it supports a variety of features similar to the TCP binding.
5.Web Service (WS) binding: Offered by the WSHttpBinding class, this uses HTTP or HTTPS for transport, and is designed to offer a variety of features such as reliability, transactions, and security over the Internet.
6.Federated WS binding: Offered by the WSFederationHttpBinding class, this is a specialization of the WS binding, offering support for federated security.
7.Duplex WS binding Offered by the WSDualHttpBinding class, this is similar to the WS binding except it also supports bidirectional communication from the service to the client.
8.MSMQ binding Offered by the NetMsmqBinding class, this uses MSMQ for transport and is designed to offer support for disconnected queued calls.
9.MSMQ integration binding Offered by the MsmqIntegrationBinding class, this converts WCF messages to and from MSMQ messages, and is designed to interoperate with legacy MSMQ clients.

What is endpoint in WCF?
Every service must have Address that defines where the service resides, Contract that defines what the service does and a Binding that defines how to communicate with the service. In WCF the relationship between Address, Contract and Binding is called Endpoint.
The Endpoint is the fusion of Address, Contract and Binding.

How to define a service as REST based service in WCF?
WCF 3.5 provides explicit support for RESTful communication using a new binding named WebHttpBinding. The below code shows how to expose a RESTful service
[ServiceContract]
interface IStock
{
[OperationContract]
[WebGet]
int GetStock(string StockId); }
By adding the WebGetAttribute, we can define a service as REST based service that can be accessible using HTTP GET operation.

What is the address formats of the WCF transport schemas?
[transport]://[machine or domain][:optional port] format.

for example: HTTP Address Format
http://localhost:8888 the way to read the above url is
"Using HTTP, go to the machine called localhost, where on port 8888 someone is waiting"
When the port number is not specified, the default port is 80.
TCP Address Format
net.tcp://localhost:8888/MyService
When a port number is not specified, the default port is 808:
net.tcp://localhost/MyService

NOTE: Two HTTP and TCP addresses from the same host can share a port, even on the same machine.
IPC Address Format
net.pipe://localhost/MyPipe
We can only open a named pipe once per machine, and therefore it is not possible for two named pipe addresses to share a pipe name on the same machine.
MSMQ Address Format
net.msmq://localhost/private/MyService
net.msmq://localhost/MyService

What is Proxy and how to generate proxy for WCF Services?
The proxy is a CLR class that exposes a single CLR interface representing the service contract. The proxy provides the same operations as service's contract, but also has additional methods for managing the proxy life cycle and the connection to the service. The proxy completely encapsulates every aspect of the service: its location, its implementation technology and runtime platform, and the communication transport.

Proxy can also be generated by using SvcUtil.exe command-line utility. We need to provide SvcUtil with the HTTP-GET address or the metadata exchange endpoint address and, optionally, with a proxy filename. The default proxy filename is output.cs but you can also use the /out switch to indicate a different name.
SvcUtil http://localhost/MyService/MyService.svc /out:Proxy.cs

When we are hosting in IIS and selecting a port other than port 80 (such as port 88), we must provide that port number as part of the base address:
SvcUtil http://localhost:88/MyService/MyService.svc /out:Proxy.cs